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Hvað hefur vísindamaðurinn Kristín Ingólfsdóttir rannsakað?
Kristín Ingólfsdóttir er fyrrverandi rektor Háskóla Íslands og prófessor við Lyfjafræðideild. Hún stundaði nám í lyfjafræði við Háskóla Íslands og við King's College, University of London, þaðan sem hún lauk doktorsprófi. Rannsóknir hennar hafa einkum snúist um efnafræði og lífvirkni efna sem finnast í íslenskri n...
Nær maður að taka inn eitthvað af steinefnum eftir hálftíma bað í steinefnabættu vatni?
Húð landspendýra eins og mannsins virkar sem varnarmúr og kemur í veg fyrir að of mikið af vatni og lífsnauðsynlegum steinefnum tapist út í umhverfið. Húðin er samsett úr tveimur lögum; leðri (dermis) og yfirhúð (epidermis). Yfirhúðin er lagskipt en ysta lagið, hornlag (stratum corneum) er langsamlega þéttast og á...
Hvert var framlag Davids Ricardos til hagfræðinnar?
Nú á dögum er David Ricardo (1772-1823) almennt eignað að hafa mótað hina almennu tækni hagfræðinnar. Sá höfundur sem þeir Ricardo og Thomas Malthus vinur hans1 lásu einna mest um hagfræðileg efni var Adam Smith. Smith hafði mjög víðfeðma sýn en Ricardo þrengdi sjónarhornið. „Markmið mitt er að skýra lögmál og til...
Er til tónn sem er svo ljótur að hann er kenndur við djöfulinn?
Hugtakið tónskratti eða diabolus in musica varð til á miðöldum og á við tónbil en ekki stakan tón. Ekki er víst hvort ástæðan fyrir nafngiftinni hafi verið sú að tónbilið þótti ljótt. Á miðöldum voru svonefndar kirkjutóntegundir notaðar í tónlist. Frumtóntegundirnar fjórar voru: dórísk, frýgísk, lýdísk og mixó...
Are portmanteau words frequent in Icelandic?
Portmanteau words are quite rare in Icelandic, and that kind of word formation is not a part of the regular way of making new words for the Icelandic vocabulary. I have asked quite many people, e.g. the lexicographers at the lexicographical department of the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies and some ...
How many words are there in Icelandic?
It is impossible to say exactly how many words there are in Icelandic. Words are made every day, some of which may only be used once. These are usually compound words that are made because some event or object has to be instantly described, and there are no suitable existing words to choose from. Such words, whic...
Hver var Gerhard Domagk og fyrir hvað er hann þekktur?
Á öðrum og þriðja áratugi 20. aldar voru gerðar margar af hinum miklu læknisfræðilegu uppgötvunum sem áttu eftir að hafa gríðarleg áhrif á lífslíkur manna. Bakteríusýkingar voru mjög skæðar. Klasakokka- (staphylococcal) og streptókokkasýkingar (streptococcal) ásamt lungnasýkingum (pneumpcoccal) og berklum voru mjö...
How many words are there in Icelandic for the devil?
It is difficult to say how many words there are for devil in Icelandic. Most of the known examples owe their existence to the fact that it was not considered proper to name the devil, so he was referred to by nicknames or by mutation of his name. In the Icelandic thesaurus the following words are listed under fjan...
Hver var David Ricardo og fyrir hvað er hann helst þekktur?
David Ricardo var hagfræðingur og kaupsýslumaður. Hann fæddist í Lundúnum vorið 1772 og dó haustið árið 1823 á sveitasetri sínu. Hann er talinn einn áhrifamestu klassísku hagfræðinganna, ásamt þeim Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus og John Stuart Mill.1 Ricardo var af gyðingaættum. Faðir hans, Abraham Ricardo, flutti...
Why do male last names in Icelandic end with -son instead of -sonur?
In Old Icelandic, when the word sonr formed the second part of a compound, i.e. Magnús-son, Sigurðs-son, the final -r (-ur) was dropped in nominative singular, and the same morphology is used in Modern Icelandic. E.g.: Nom. Magnús Sigurðsson (son(u)r) Acc. Magnús Sigurðsson (son) Dat. Magnúsi Si...
What is the shortest sentence in Icelandic to contain all the letters of the Icelandic alphabet?
Despite searching, I have not found a sentence that is said to be the shortest containing all the letters of the alphabet. It would need to have:aá b d ð eé f g h ií j k l m n oó p r s t uú v x yý þ æ ö = 32 letters.It is a good party game to try to make such a sentence but not an easy one. One would usually have ...
Why are people in Iceland not named after fish like Bleikja (arctic char) or Urriði (trout)?
The custom of giving people names from natural phenomena, particularly from the animal kingdom, is ancient, maybe going all the way back to the Indo-European origins of the language. Words like this appear in old Icelandic sources, many still being used today, with quite a number having been added during the last ...
Are there rules that say when words in Icelandic should be masculine, feminine and neuter? For a foreigner it is not enough to add an article.
In Icelandic, words almost always have a fixed gender, and it is seldom possible to deduce the gender from the stem. There are only a few examples of words that exist in more than one gender. It is however true of hveiti and jógúrt, which have both feminine and neuter forms, and regnskúr which can be either mascul...
How did the Icelandic language start?
When Iceland was first settled in the 9th century, most of the settlers came from Norway, some of whom took slaves from Ireland en route. During the first centuries, the same language was spoken in Norway and Iceland, so there was little difference and the vocabulary was mostly Norse, with the exception of a f...
What is the origin of the Icelandic language?
Icelandic belongs to the branch of the original indo-European known as Germanic. The Germanic languages divided early into three sub families: East Germanic is considered to comprise only one language, Gothic, which was spoken by the ancient race of Goths, and is now extinct. Sources about this can be found...