Leit á vefnum

8.4.2011

Why do male last names in Icelandic end with -son instead of -sonur?

In Old Icelandic, when the word sonr formed the second part of a compound, i.e. Magnús-son, Sigurðs-son, the final -r (-ur) was dropped in nominative singular, and the same morphology is used in Modern Icelandic. E.g.: Nom. Magnús Sigurðsson (son(u)r) Acc. Magnús Sigurðsson (son) Dat. Magnúsi Si...

10.12.2009

Are portmanteau words frequent in Icelandic?

Portmanteau words are quite rare in Icelandic, and that kind of word formation is not a part of the regular way of making new words for the Icelandic vocabulary. I have asked quite many people, e.g. the lexicographers at the lexicographical department of the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies and some ...

What is the origin of the Icelandic language?

Icelandic belongs to the branch of the original indo-European known as Germanic. The Germanic languages divided early into three sub families: East Germanic is considered to comprise only one language, Gothic, which was spoken by the ancient race of Goths, and is now extinct. Sources about this can be found...

How did the Icelandic language start?

When Iceland was first settled in the 9th century, most of the settlers came from Norway, some of whom took slaves from Ireland en route. During the first centuries, the same language was spoken in Norway and Iceland, so there was little difference and the vocabulary was mostly Norse, with the exception of a f...

What is the shortest sentence in Icelandic to contain all the letters of the Icelandic alphabet?

Despite searching, I have not found a sentence that is said to be the shortest containing all the letters of the alphabet. It would need to have:aá b d ð eé f g h ií j k l m n oó p r s t uú v x yý þ æ ö = 32 letters.It is a good party game to try to make such a sentence but not an easy one. One would usually have ...

How many words are there in Icelandic for the devil?

It is difficult to say how many words there are for devil in Icelandic. Most of the known examples owe their existence to the fact that it was not considered proper to name the devil, so he was referred to by nicknames or by mutation of his name. In the Icelandic thesaurus the following words are listed under fjan...

How many words are there in Icelandic?

It is impossible to say exactly how many words there are in Icelandic. Words are made every day, some of which may only be used once. These are usually compound words that are made because some event or object has to be instantly described, and there are no suitable existing words to choose from. Such words, whic...

Are there rules that say when words in Icelandic should be masculine, feminine and neuter? For a foreigner it is not enough to add an article.

In Icelandic, words almost always have a fixed gender, and it is seldom possible to deduce the gender from the stem. There are only a few examples of words that exist in more than one gender. It is however true of hveiti and jógúrt, which have both feminine and neuter forms, and regnskúr which can be either mascul...

21.10.2016

Hvaða „Enta“ er í Entujökli?

Enta er jökuldalur eða gjá norðvestan í Mýrdalsjökli, í kverk við Botnjökul, milli Sléttjökuls og Entujökuls en Entugjá er annað nafn hennar (Íslandsatlas, kort 71). Við Entu er kenndur Entujökull, Entukollur og Entuskarð. Elsta prentaða heimild um nafnið Enta er að því er best verður séð í grein Jóns Eyþórsso...

20.1.2006

Why are people in Iceland not named after fish like Bleikja (arctic char) or Urriði (trout)?

The custom of giving people names from natural phenomena, particularly from the animal kingdom, is ancient, maybe going all the way back to the Indo-European origins of the language. Words like this appear in old Icelandic sources, many still being used today, with quite a number having been added during the last ...

22.4.2016

Hvaðan kemur orðið gluggi? Af hverju notum við ekki vindauga samanber window?

Upprunalega spurningin hljóðaði svona: Hvaðan kemur orðið gluggi? Orðið er frábrugðið mörgum öðrum germönskum tungumálum sem nota orð skyld vindauga úr gömlu norsku eða fenestram úr latínu. Orðið gluggur og veika myndin gluggi koma báðar þegar fyrir í fornritum. Í færeysku er til orðið gluggi 'ljósop, glerglug...

Bókmenntir og listir

30.8.2018

Hvaða rannsóknir hefur Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir stundað?

Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir er prófessor í íslenskum bókmenntum fyrri alda við Háskóla Íslands. Rannsóknir hennar spanna vítt svið innan íslenskra fræða og hefur hún meðal annars fengist við rannsóknir á handritum, frásagnarfræði, fornaldarsögum, riddarasögum og rímum. Doktorsrannsókn Aðalheiður fjallaði um Úlfhams ...

Félagsvísindi

19.12.2008

Hversu útbreidd er álfatrúin um heiminn, í hvers kyns myndum sem hún kann að koma fram?

Til þess að svara þessari spurningu þarf að vera ljóst við hvað er átt með hugtakinu álfur. Ljóst er að álfar í fornnorræni trú, sérstaklega í eddukvæðunum, eru bæði ólíkir álfum sem koma fyrir í þjóðtrú Íslendinga í dag1 og álfum í íslenskum þjóðsögum. Einnig þarf að taka tillit til þess að nú á dögum tala margir...